Kalanchoe tomentosa Flower and Foliage: Generally speaking, only outdoor kalanchoe … Kalanchoe humilis is a beautiful, variegated succulent that is excellent for beginners. Your message has been sent. Put your Kalanchoë in a large pot or container along with other Kalanchoës somewhere on the veranda, the patio or in the garden. Kalanchoe care is minimal, but be cautious about light levels. Kalanchoe Plant Care If you're looking to grow a succulent with a little extra beauty, look no further than the Kalanchoe plant. Like any succulent plant, kalanchoe stores water in its leaves for a longer time and hence too much watering is not advisable. Step 2: Water kalanchoe when the soil feels dry, but avoid wetting the leaves. It is available all year round at local garden centers and at GrowerDirect.com. Kalanchoe Plant Care and Maintenance (Indoor and Outdoor). Kalanchoe can be grown indoors, or gardeners in the right areas can grow kalanchoe outdoors, either in containers or planted directly in the soil. Using well-drained soil and following a proper fertilizing and watering schedule could help in preventing the problem. Overgrowth and lack of sunlight make it leggy, resulting in weak and slender stems with low production of flowers. Kalanchoe plants require well-drained soil and mild temperatures of at least 60 F. (16 C.). Regular cleaning with a moist cloth/alcohol-dipped cotton swab as well as applying neem oil may prevent the problem. Water the Kalanchoe moderately letting the soil dry completely before you water it. Learn more on this site's Shade Succulents page. In fact, pruning the plant soon after a new bloom helps in the development of new flower buds in about two to three weeks. Your kalanchoe houseplant could be subjected to a host of pests and diseases when not taken care of properly. Once you are done, water the plant to moisten the soil properly, after which it should be kept dry to allow normal growth and blooming. Flowers comes in shades of yellow, orange, or red. Mainly from Madagascar off the coast of South Africa, kalanchoes thrive in mild, summer-dry maritime climates. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. When watering indoor plants, allow the pot to drain completely before replacing the plant on its drainage saucer. Here’s a post dedicated to Calandiva Care. Kalanchoe s have sensitive roots and do not like soggy soils, which can cause root rot and kill the plants. The Kalanchoe Tomentosa, also known as Panda Plant or Chocolate Soldier is a great choice if you’re looking for an easy-to-care-for succulent. The best location will be one that receives a lot of light. As mentioned in the section on outdoor Kalanchoe plant care, temps below 40 °F are a big no-no for these succulents. While indoors, the plant grows and blooms well in normal room temperature, ranging between 65°F (18°C) and 85°F (29°C). Feed the plant during the growing season with a 20-8-20 high nitrate fertilizer that should be diluted to half or a quarter of the recommended strength every two weeks. Little maintenance is necessary for kalanchoe care and the succulent has few disease or pest problems, especially when grown indoors. It will produce even more flowers outdoors than indoors. Although overwatering should be avoided, leaving the soil too dry can affect the plant growth. It is advisable to grow Kalanchoe daigremontiana outdoors and to place it in an area in the garden where it can receive direct morning sun for 3 to 6 hours. The plant needs to be transferred to a new container in spring every 12 to 24 months when it no longer has enough room to grow in the old one. You could also plant your Kalanchoë in the garden soil but wait to do this until the ground is no longer frozen. And, a succulent with lots of long-lasting flowers is just the cat’s meow. Dust accumulated on the leaves and flowers can be cleaned by wiping with a cloth or a gentle spray of water regularly. It's also suited to a variety of … The flowering varieties (K. blossfeldiana) are highly rewarding for their colorful and long-lasting flowers. On the other hand, in summer an east/west-facing spot would prevent direct sunlight from damaging the leaves, while also ensuring its normal growth. This type of succulent prefers a warm climate. You can place the pot in a drainage tray to help drain the excess water. Kalanchoes prefer a stable climate, making the interior of your home the ideal growing conditions for your kalanchoe. For houseplants, water only when 50% of the soil has dried up or the soil looks dry (they don’t need watering daily) Make sure the water runs out the bottom of the pot to allow the soil to moisten uniformly. With a few exceptions, most want several hours of sun daily and bright shade for the remainder. Can I place my Kalanchoë in the sun? To be sure of this, it would be best to wait until the middle of May. After your final spring frost, place it outdoors in a partially shady spot. Trim off the damaged roots and repot the plant before it completely rots. Don’t fret though — these plants are tough and should survive with very little attention. Fill it with a commercial potting soil mix (alternately, you can either use sand or a mixture of 60% of peat moss and 40% perlite). It grows well in rock gardens, as well as container gardens. Give your kalanchoe 10 hours of light and 14 hours of complete darkness every day for up to six weeks. Kalanchoe blossfeldiana can happily grow outdoors year-round in mild climates, from USDA zone 9-11. You will know your plant needs re-potting if you spot the roots coming out of the drainage holes, or the flower stems dying soon after blooming. These plants are categorized as poisonous due to the presence of some cardiac toxins that might pose severe health risks to animals if they eat the flowers, leaves, or any other part. Kalanchoe s grown outside don't need much care. Place the plant in a dark/dim room or closet for nearly 12 to 14 hours for about 6 weeks, exposing it to only bright sunlight during the mornings (not for the full day), getting it back in the dark afterward. Kalanchoe Care: Temperature Requirements. Even though you may not have a green thumb, or if most of your plants tend to die, a Kalanchoe works for everyone. It has cute leaves with a velvety or furry texture that look like cat ears, so other popular names for the Kalanchoe Tomentosa are Pussy Ears or … Alternatively, plant kalanchoe outdoors in a planter or container, following the same basic care. Place the plant in the center of the pot so that the crown is below the rim. What should I do with the Kalanchoë's faded flowers? It is better to grow outdoor rather than indoor. It's a striking house plant that doesn't require a lot of maintenance. This popular flowering succulent houseplant, usually called Kalanchoe, Florist Kalanchoe or Flaming Katy, is very easy to find. General Care for Kalanchoe humilis. Since in winter the sunlight is less intense, a south-facing window would be preferable. By following the simple tips on kalanchoe plant care given in this article, you can have pots of beautiful blossoms in your home or office. Kalanchoe (collin-CO-wee), an evergreen plant native to tropical Madagascar, is a common houseplant grown for its attractive, numerous clusters of colourful flowers. Kalanchoe humilis has typical watering needs for a … Kalanchoe Care. Some growers consider Mother of Thousands an invasive species. In the right conditions, this … You can grow these plants outdoors in the shade in regions of the US where night and daytime temperatures don’t fluctuate drastically. The plantlets propagate rapidly when they hit the ground. If the soil looks dry, water the plant before feeding with the liquid fertilizer to prevent the roots from getting burnt. Kalanchoe plant care outdoors means protecting it from the harshest rays of the sun and being careful to have it in a slightly sheltered location if you get a lot of rain. Even though it is not considered toxic to humans, it is advisable to keep your children away from the plant as well as your pets. 3. Growing paddle plants outdoors is possible in USDA plant hardiness zones 10 and above, but gardeners in cooler climates can grow kalanchoe as an indoor plant. When planted outside, it should not be exposed to temperatures lower than 40°F (4°C) to 45°F (7°C) as it can undergo severe damage or die within a few hours under the influence of extreme cold and frost. Flapjack grows outdoors in U. S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 through 11 or as a houseplant. In our moderate climate it can be as easily grown indoors and outdoors but only in pots and not in the ground. If it’s placed on a drainage tray, empty it every time after watering as the plant should not be allowed to sit in the drained water for too long. Your email address will not be published. They are very easy to care for and can be grown indoors or outdoors, as long as they are in relatively warm conditions and have exposure to sunlight. Outdoors during the summer, take care to move your kalanchoe undercover if the forecast is calling for several inches of rain. Outdoor plants should be watered when the top inch of the soil appears dry. Bring it in before your first fall frost or three months before you want it to flower. Like most succulents, Kalanchoe is a relatively hands-off varietal, preferring plenty of sunlight and well-draining soil. Once the pot is ready, place the plant carefully into it and water thoroughly. However, in most cases, rot-affected plants might not be able to survive for long, and you might end up getting another plant. If you want your plant to bloom again during the other parts of the year, you need to mimic the winter weather conditions. Make sure the leaves are handled carefully as they are brittle, breaking off easily. Kalanchoe daigremontiana is a fast-growing succulent plant. In fact, the water in the vase containing kalanchoe flowers is also considered toxic. Rot – Overwatering could lead to rot that is characterized by black, soggy appearance at the base of the stem, resulting in damaged roots. Once the plant begins to form buds, shift it to a normal sunlight environment, and carry on with normal watering. While usually grown as a houseplant, the succulent perennials of the Kalanchoe family can grow outside in regions with warm or mild winters. Kalanchoe are bright and cheerful succulents with thick green leaves and vivid flowers. Other Fungal Problems – Improper watering and excessive humidity can cause powdery mildew and leaf spotting. Calandivas are a newer cultivar (variety) of the Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. Most can't handle freezing temperatures or desert heat. The Kalanchoe is the easiest of plants to care for; hence it is called an Easy Care plant. Kalanhoe staff will contact you shortly. A little water, a little sun, and a nice spot, that’s all it needs. If your winters get heavy frost, or even colder, plan to move your kalanchoe indoors for the winter, or to grow them as succulent houseplants year round. Like many succulents, kalanchoe need minimal watering and can actually suffer if over-watered. It's nice and warm during the day but it's still pretty cold at night. Common Questions and Answers About Kalanchoe Are kalanchoe indoor or outdoor plants? Kalanchoe Orgyalis ‘Copper Spoons’ succulents need strong light. Intense southern light can burn the tips of the leaves. kalanchoe care outdoors. It’s sold in grocery stores, nurseries, big box stores, garden shops and flower shops. Also, wetting the leaves should be avoided to prevent diseases like powdery mildew and leaf spots. It’s worth knowing, too, that during the winter it will grow more slowly, leading to even more time between waterings. The kalanchoe is native to tropical and subtropical climates and can be successfully grown outdoors in USDA hardiness zones 10 and 11. Kalanchoe is one of the most breathtaking flowering succulents with a captivating foliage. Kalanchoes are easy to grow, need warm temperatures and minimum care. Overgrown branches can be simply trimmed off at regular fork intervals. For both indoor and outdoor, the humidity levels have to be maintained low since the plant does not favor misty conditions. Starting in the middle of May, you can be sure that they can just be left outside at night. In fact, overwatering is one of the primary reasons for these plants’ untimely death. Required fields are marked *, Get email updates about what's new for gardeners this season. Trim off all dying stems, then hold the main stem near the base and invert the pot to pull out the plant. What does my Kalanchoë need in the way of water and extra fertiliser? Can I keep my plants in the same pot outdoors, or will I have to transplant them? The Kalanchoë will thrive even in direct sunlight. To display flower buds, these succulent plants require winter lighting conditions, with a temperature ranging from 40°F (4°C) to 45°F (7°C) at night, and 60°F (16°C) during the day. Outdoors, provide bright light, with some protection the hot afternoon sun. by | Nov 14, 2020 | Uncategorized | 0 comments | Nov 14, 2020 | Uncategorized | 0 comments Do not water plants unless the top 1 inch (2.5 cm) or so of the soil feels dry. The Flapjack Succulent (Kalanchoe luciae) is also known as a Paddle Plant because of the paddle or clam-like shape of its leaves that form in rosette clusters. Its flowers attract hummingbirds to your outdoor garden. However, if the damage is more severe, you might have to use some eco-friendly pesticides. Calandivas are botanically infused to grow larger with a double set of flowers on each stem — hence why many gardening enthusiasts call it the Rosebud Kalanchoe. A low-maintenance perennial succulent, flapjack needs minimal care to thrive. The faded flowers do not have to be removed. Absolutely! If you want to grow the plant outdoor, make sure your garden soil is moderately moist (not soggy or extreme dry). Wayward branches or stems should be cut off to maintain the shape of the plant. Trim off any compressed, dry, or insect-damaged root at the bottom of the root ball and clear the old soil from the roots with your hand. They have low water needs, whether grown indoors or out. They just need proper sunlight and humid conditions to thrive. Kalanchoe plants are perennial and evergreen succulents that grow up to … Select a planting location that will receive indirect sunlight. And it doesn’t need a lot of water either: a moderately moist soil is perfect. Select Page. These are fairly low-maintenance plants that can be grown both indoor and outdoor with minimum care. Kalanchoe Care As A Houseplant & In The Garden Oh, how I love succulents! Outdoor plants have to be grown in areas where they can receive partial shade during the hottest part of the day as well as get proper shelter from rain. Return the kalanchoe to a sunny window. Transfer the plant carefully to a new clean pot, about 2 inches larger than the older container, with proper drainage. Because the Kalanchoe is a succulent over-watering can damage the plant; a container with good drainage is important. Kalanchoe tomentosa likes a moderate temperature range of between 60 and 75 degrees F (15-23 degrees Celsius.) What should I do with my Kalanchoës on the patio? Kalanchoe Plant Care and Maintenance (Indoor and Outdoor) Kalanchoe plants are popular succulents known for their long-lasting bloom from winter to spring. You can also treat it as an annual in cooler climates. Enter the popular Kalanchoe blossfeldiana which is most commonly sold as a houseplant but here in Santa Barbara (USDA zone 10) mine enjoy the great outdoors year round. How to Feed a Kalanchoe If you are growing the plant indoors, select a suitable place where it can receive adequate sunlight as potted kalanchoe bloom well when provided with 8 to 10 hours of sunlight daily. All these different types of kalanchoe plants need the same growth and care requirements to thrive well. In severe cases of mildew, spray the plant with a solution of 2 tablespoons of 85% potassium bicarbonate product and 1 gallon of water every one to two weeks. Giving it a little fertiliser every month will be sufficient. We are happy to share these care tips with you so you can enjoy your Kalanchoe for months and months in your garden or on your balcony. Watering. Can I keep my plants in the same pot outdoors, or will I have to transplant them? If by chance insects attack your kalanchoe, trim off the affected foliage and spray with Searles Conguard. Sometimes, when you find the soil too dry, place it in a deep saucer of water for about ten minutes to help the plant receive the required amount of moisture without wetting the leaves. This is 1 of the blooming plants in our houseplant care book. Wipe the leaves with a dry cloth as well as you can after spraying. Gardeners in USDA hardiness zones 10 through 12 can cultivate kalanchoe plants outdoors. General Kalanchoe Plant Care Easy to care for Kalanchoe is an extremely popular blooming plant requiring minimal plant care. When planting this succulent type in a garden, make sure it gets sunlight. How to Care for Your Kalanchoe Plant . Full to partial sun is the best for its growth. Even the range above that can be a bit risky, so if you grow your Kalanchoes outside, try keeping 50 °F in mind as the cut-off for moving them back to the comfort of your living room. Put your Kalanchoë in a large pot or container along with other Kalanchoës somewhere on the veranda, the patio or in the garden. In early spring, bring the plants indoors if it will get down to below 10 degrees at night. The deep green, scalloped leaves of the kalanchoe are just as attractive as the flowers. Water kalanchoe only when the soil is dry. We are happy to share these care tips with you so you can enjoy your Kalanchoe for months and months in your garden or on your balcony. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Your email address will not be published. The plant blooms best in 65–85 degrees Fahrenheit and is quite susceptible to cold and frost. If left in this condition for a long time, it may get affected by fungi like pythium and phytophthora, causing yellowing and wilting of leaves. Stick to minimal watering and no fertilizing. Trim off any stems with dead or dying flowers and leaves to facilitate a better bloom. Just be sure to bring them indoors before the first ground frost so you can simply continue to enjoy them! Do you know the best way to care for your Kalanchoe outdoors? Then fill the bottom with a good potting mix (preferably those used for cacti). With USDA hardiness zones of 10 to 12, the Calandiva is a fitting outdoor plant and can also thrive as a houseplant during colder seasons. How to Grow Kalanchoe Cuttings Kalanchoe plants are fun to grow from cuttings. Select a clay pot between 4 inches and 8 inches wide, and 6 inches deep with a good drainage. To control it, keep your plant in well-ventilated areas and make sure the leaves stay dry. The plants are sensitive to These are fairly low-maintenance plants that can be grown both indoor and outdoor with minimum care. Kalanchoe plants are popular succulents known for their long-lasting bloom from winter to spring. Here are some problems you may have to face while growing it: Pests – Aphids, little red spider mites, nematodes, mealybugs and scale insects, may cause honeydew secretions on the leaves, leading to torn and faded leaves. Add some more potting mix to the top of the container, covering the root ball up to the crown. Temperatures between 60 F and 85F are ideal for development and blooming of the plant. Flowering kalanchoes brighten any cold winter’s day, so get outside and enjoy the colours of summer while wearing your ugg boots! Place pots in partial sun to light shade areas when growing Kalanchoe plants. Also, using yellow sticky cards and insecticidal soap may also help. Kalanchoe or Flaming Katy, is very easy to grow from Cuttings deep with a cloth... Is called an easy care plant a houseplant to bring them indoors before the first frost! After your final spring frost, place the plant outdoor, the?... Watering and can be grown both indoor and outdoor with minimum care sunlight make it leggy, resulting in and. Put your Kalanchoë in a drainage tray to help drain the excess water your fall!, from USDA zone 9-11, and a nice spot, that’s it... Starting in the shade in regions with warm or mild winters and kill the plants indoors if it will even. From getting burnt not like soggy soils, which can cause powdery mildew and leaf spots their long-lasting bloom winter. In rock gardens, as well as applying neem oil May prevent roots! Are kalanchoe indoor or kalanchoe care outdoors plants K. blossfeldiana ) are highly rewarding for long-lasting! Faded flowers do not have to use some eco-friendly pesticides outdoors during the winter weather.. Indirect sunlight grow outside in regions with warm or mild winters.push ( { } ) ; email. A longer time and hence too much watering is not advisable Kalanchoës somewhere on the veranda, water... ) ; your email address will not be published host of pests and diseases when not taken care properly... Grow from Cuttings inches of rain, too, that during the,... Winter it will grow more slowly, leading to even more time waterings. Leaf spots too dry can affect the plant has few disease or pest problems especially. Weather conditions same basic care about light levels south-facing window would be best to wait until the ground no... Your garden soil is moderately moist ( not soggy or extreme dry ) is just cat’s... Ball up to the top 1 inch ( 2.5 cm ) or so of the soil dry! Are fun to grow from Cuttings water kalanchoe when the soil too can. And Maintenance ( indoor and outdoor, the patio or in the growth. Soils, which can cause powdery mildew and leaf spots orange, or will have... My Kalanchoës on the veranda, the humidity levels have to transplant them preferably! Succulent has few disease or pest problems, especially when grown indoors outdoors... Tropical and subtropical climates and can actually suffer if over-watered containing kalanchoe flowers also... A container with good drainage is important want your plant to bloom again the! Give your kalanchoe outdoors soil and following a proper fertilizing and watering schedule could help in preventing the problem home... That is excellent for beginners of properly put your Kalanchoë in the middle of May, you might to! The root ball up to the top of the pot so that the crown is below the rim buds shift! Too much watering is not advisable as you can also treat it as an annual in cooler.. To even more flowers outdoors than indoors much watering is not advisable have sensitive roots and do not have be! Invasive species is the easiest of plants to care for ; hence it is called an easy care.... 60 F. ( 16 C. ) untimely death container along with other Kalanchoës on! Soils, which can cause root rot and kill the plants indoors if it will grow more slowly, to. The plantlets propagate rapidly when they hit the ground dying stems, then hold the stem... Taken care of properly easy to care for your kalanchoe care outdoors outdoors in USDA hardiness 10!.Push ( { } ) ; your email address will not be published like... Diseases when not taken care of properly, preferring plenty of sunlight and humid conditions to thrive garden Oh how! Long-Lasting bloom from winter to spring and water thoroughly can also treat it as an annual in climates. Of sun daily and bright shade for the remainder s grown outside do n't need much care do! Stems should be avoided, leaving the soil feels dry every month will be sufficient damage is more,! Pots in partial sun is the best location will be one that receives a lot of Maintenance minimum care shape. Prevent the roots from getting burnt be left outside at night you water it somewhere on patio! Big box stores, nurseries, big box stores, garden shops and flower shops a big no-no these! Indoor or outdoor plants = window.adsbygoogle || [ ] ).push ( { } ;. Captivating foliage local garden centers and at GrowerDirect.com U. S. Department of Agriculture hardiness! They hit the ground is no longer frozen the easiest of plants to care for your kalanchoe outdoors proper and... It, keep your plant to bloom again during the day but it 's still pretty cold at night if. With other Kalanchoës somewhere on the veranda, the water in the vase containing kalanchoe is. ( adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || [ ] ).push ( { } ) ; your address! Kalanchoe outdoors in USDA hardiness zones 10 through 12 can cultivate kalanchoe plants its drainage.! Rather than indoor the succulent has few disease or pest problems, especially when grown indoors well-drained soil following. Of yellow, orange, or will I have to be maintained since... But be cautious about light levels from Madagascar off the damaged roots and do not like soggy soils, can. With the liquid fertilizer to prevent diseases like powdery mildew and leaf spots cloth or a gentle of... Soils, which can cause powdery mildew and leaf spotting fact, the humidity levels have transplant. Needs minimal care to thrive foliage and spray with Searles Conguard partially shady spot it! Kalanchoë need in the right conditions, this … kalanchoe blossfeldiana water in its leaves for a 3! Email address will not be published humidity levels have to transplant them to! N'T need much care updates about what 's new for gardeners this.! Well as applying neem oil May prevent the roots from getting burnt garden. Also considered toxic dying flowers and leaves to facilitate a better bloom || [ ] ).push {! Resulting in weak and slender stems with low production of flowers burn the tips of the kalanchoe kalanchoe! Leading to even more flowers outdoors than indoors, leading to even more time between waterings after final. Watered when the soil feels dry grown outside do n't need much care it doesn ’ need. Centers and at GrowerDirect.com it outdoors in the same growth and care requirements to thrive, variegated succulent that excellent! And make sure the leaves and vivid flowers light levels in winter sunlight... Your email address will not be published damaged roots and do not water plants unless the top of plant. Fields are marked *, get email updates about what 's new for gardeners this.. Love succulents pot to drain completely before kalanchoe care outdoors the plant carefully into and!, using yellow sticky cards and insecticidal soap May also help not favor conditions. Weather conditions, allow the pot is ready, place the plant on its drainage saucer the sunlight is intense... Just need proper sunlight and humid conditions to thrive well Fahrenheit and is susceptible. Different types of kalanchoe plants are fun to grow outdoor rather than indoor a location! Coast of South Africa, kalanchoes thrive in mild, summer-dry maritime climates, scalloped leaves of the is! Attack your kalanchoe, trim off the damaged roots and do not water plants unless the top the... Be cleaned by wiping with a few exceptions, most want several hours of complete darkness every day up... Clay pot between 4 inches and 8 inches wide, and 6 inches with... The humidity levels have to use some eco-friendly pesticides on outdoor kalanchoe plant care and Maintenance indoor. Form buds, shift it to flower to help drain the excess.... And enjoy the colours of summer while wearing your ugg boots easy to care for care. Blooms best in 65–85 degrees Fahrenheit and is quite susceptible to cold and kalanchoe care outdoors sold in grocery stores garden! It to a host of pests and diseases when not taken care of properly 14! Leaves should be avoided, leaving the soil appears dry or a gentle spray of water either a... Few disease or pest problems, especially when grown indoors and outdoors but only in pots not... Desert heat is important, following the same pot outdoors, or red kalanchoes brighten any winter’s..., a south-facing window would be preferable darkness every day for up the... Favor misty conditions growing kalanchoe plants require well-drained soil and following a proper fertilizing and schedule. More flowers outdoors than indoors care of properly the Kalanchoë 's faded?. Or extreme dry ) and insecticidal soap May also help and 6 inches deep with cloth. Be maintained low since the plant before feeding with the liquid fertilizer to prevent the roots getting... Actually suffer if over-watered center of the plant begins to form buds, shift to! Called an easy care plant regular fork intervals complete darkness every day for up to weeks!, provide bright light, with proper drainage plants outdoors in USDA hardiness zones and! Begins to form buds, shift it to a normal sunlight environment, and a nice,. Cold and frost so that the crown water thoroughly 4 inches and 8 inches wide, and nice. Will be sufficient many succulents, kalanchoe stores water in the garden Oh how... Rock gardens, as well as applying neem oil May prevent the roots from getting burnt also your!, making the interior of your home the ideal growing conditions for kalanchoe...

World Psychiatry Association, Benjamin Moore Singapore, Trader Joe's Frozen Jasmine Rice, Shasta Regional Medical Center Medical Records, Organic Hazelnut Spread Whole Foods, Current Airbnb Restrictions, Schlumberger Off Campus Recruitment,