For our benchmarking, we ran four different queries: one filtration based, one aggregation based, one select-join, and one select-join with multiple subqueries. The test completed in November showed that Amazon Redshift delivers up to three times better price performance out-of-the-box than other cloud data warehouses. Every compute cluster sees the same data, and compute clusters can be created and removed in seconds. Amazon Redshift customers span all industries and sizes, from startups to Fortune 500 companies, and we work to deliver the best price performance for any use case. These results are based on a specific benchmark test and won’t reflect your actual database design, size, and queries. And then there’s also Amazon Redshift Spectrum, to join data in your RA3 instance with data in S3 as part of your data lake architecture, to independently scale storage and compute. To calculate cost-per-query for Snowflake and Redshift, we made an assumption about how much time a typical warehouse spends idle. People at Facebook, Amazon and Uber read it every week. We don’t know. The most important differences between warehouses are the qualitative differences caused by their design choices: Some warehouses emphasize tunability, others ease of use. Happy query federating! Our primary Redshift data product pipeline consists of batch ETL jobs that reduce raw data loaded from S3 (aka “ELT”). He ran four simple queries against a single table with 1.1 billion rows. On RA3 clusters, adding and removing nodes will typically be done only when more computing power is needed (CPU/Memory/IO). Update my browser now, 2020 Cloud Data Warehouse Benchmark: Redshift, Snowflake, Presto and BigQuery, How to Implement Automated Data Integration. A "steady" workload that utilizes your compute capacity 24/7 will be much cheaper in flat-rate mode. Our latest benchmark compares price, performance and differentiated features for BigQuery, Presto, Redshift and Snowflake. Even though we used TPC-DS data and queries, this benchmark is not an official TPC-DS benchmark, because we only used one scale, we modified the queries slightly, and we didn’t tune the data warehouses or generate alternative versions of the queries. Gigaom's cloud data warehouse performance benchmark In April 2019, Gigaom ran a version of the TPC-DS queries on BigQuery, Redshift, Snowflake and Azure SQL Data Warehouse (Azure Synapse). We ran these queries on both Spark and Redshift on […] You can use the best practice considerations outlined in the post to minimize the data transferred from Amazon Redshift for better performance. The nodes also include a new type block-level caching that prioritizes frequently-accessed data based on query access patterns at the block level. Make sure you're ready for the week! Lets break it down for each card: NVIDIA's RTX 3080 is faster than any RTX 20 Series card was, and almost twice as fast as the RTX 2080 Super for the same price.Combined with a 25% increase in VRAM over the 2080 Super, that increase in rendering speed makes it a fantastic value. Running the query on 1-minute Parquet improved performance by 92.43% compared to raw JSON here, here and here), and we don’t have much to add to that discussion. About Fivetran: Fivetran, the leader in automated data integration, delivers ready-to-use connectors that automatically adapt as schemas and APIs change, ensuring consistent, reliable access to data. One of the things we were particularly interested in benchmarking is the advertised benefits of improved I/O, both in terms of network and storage. They used 30x more data (30 TB vs 1 TB scale). They tuned the warehouse using sort and dist keys, whereas we did not. Feel free to get in touch directly, or join our Redshift community on Slack. It is important, when providing performance data, to use queries derived from industry standard benchmarks such as TPC-DS, not synthetic workloads skewed to show cherry-picked queries. We copied a large dataset into the ds2.8xlarge, paused all loads so the cluster data would remain fixed, and then snapshotted that cluster and restored it to a 2-node ra3.16xlarge cluster. Our Intermix dashboards reported a P95 latency of 1.1 seconds and a P99 latency of 34.2 seconds for the ds2.8xlarge cluster: The ra3.16xlarge cluster showed a noticeable improved overall performance: P95 latency was 36% faster at 0.7s, and P99 latency was 19% faster–a significant improvement. Viewing our query pipeline at a high-level told us that throughput had on average improved significantly on the ra3.16xlarge cluster. Run queries derived from TPC-H to test the performance For best performance numbers, always do multiple runs of the query and ignore the first (cold) run You can always do a explain plan to make sure that you get the best expected plan Over the last two years, the major cloud data warehouses have been in a near-tie for performance. Snowflake is a nearly serverless experience: The user only configures the size and number of compute clusters. The slowest task on both clusters in this time range was get_samples-query, which is a fairly complex SQL transformation that joins, processes, and aggregates 11 tables. On the 4-node ds2.8xlarge, this task took on average 38 minutes and 51 seconds: This same task running on the 2-node ra3.16xlarge took on average 32 minutes and 15 seconds, an 18% improvement! Mark Litwintshik benchmarked BigQuery in April 2016 and Redshift in June 2016. It consists of a dataset of 8 tables and 22 queries that ar… Like us, they looked at their customers' actual usage data, but instead of using percentage of time idle, they looked at the number of queries per hour. [7] BigQuery is a pure shared-resource query service, so there is no equivalent “configuration”; you simply send queries to BigQuery, and it sends you back results. The largest fact table had 4 billion rows [2]. We chose not to use any of these features in this benchmark [7]. 3 Things to Avoid When Setting Up an Amazon Redshift Cluster. Redshift and BigQuery have both evolved their user experience to be more similar to Snowflake. To calculate cost, we multiplied the runtime by the cost per second of the configuration [8]. He found that BigQuery was about the same speed as a Redshift cluster about 2x bigger than ours ($41/hour). There are many details not specified in Amazon’s blog post. Today we’re really excited to be writing about the launch of the new Amazon Redshift RA3 instance type. Amazon Redshift Spectrum Nodes execute queries against an Amazon S3 data lake. Since we announced Amazon Redshift in 2012, tens of thousands of customers have trusted us to deliver the performance and scale they need to gain business insights from their data. With Shard-Query you can choose any instance size from micro (not a good idea) all the way to high IO instances. To compare relative I/O performance, we looked at the execution time of a deep copy of a large table to a destination table that uses a different distkey. Every Monday morning we'll send you a roundup of the best content from intermix.io and around the web. The time differences are small; nobody should choose a warehouse on the basis of 7 seconds versus 5 seconds in one benchmark. Conclusion With the right configuration, combined with Amazon Redshift’s low pricing, your cluster will run faster and at lower cost than any other warehouse out there, including Snowflake and BigQuery. The problem with doing a benchmark with “easy” queries is that every warehouse is going to do pretty well on this test; it doesn’t really matter if Snowflake does an easy query fast and Redshift does an easy query really, really fast. In April 2019, Gigaom ran a version of the TPC-DS queries on BigQuery, Redshift, Snowflake and Azure SQL Data Warehouse (Azure Synapse). But the performance of data product pipelines is often limited by the worst-performing queries in the pipeline. Redshift RA3 brings Redshift closer to the user experience of Snowflake by separating compute from storage. 15th September 2020 – New section on data access for all 3 data warehouses. You can find the details below, but let’s start with the bottom line: Redshift Spectrum’s Performance. And because a ra3.16xlarge cluster must have at least two nodes, the minimum cluster size is a whopping 128TB. Serializable Isolation Violation Errors in Amazon Redshift. So this all translates to a heavy read/write set of ETL jobs, combined with regular reads to load the data into external databases. For example, they used a huge Redshift cluster — did they allocate all memory to a single user to make this benchmark complete super-fast, even though that’s not a realistic configuration? TPC-DS has 24 tables in a snowflake schema; the tables represent web, catalog and store sales of an imaginary retailer. Learn about building platforms with our SF Data Weekly newsletter, read by over 6,000 people! Combined with a 25% increase in VRAM, that massive … Presto is open-source, unlike the other commercial systems in this benchmark, which is important to some users. All warehouses had excellent execution speed, suitable for ad hoc, interactive querying. Tuning query performance Amazon Redshift uses queries based on structured query language (SQL) to interact with data and objects in the system. Fivetran is a data pipeline that syncs data from apps, databases and file stores into our customers’ data warehouses. When AWS ran an entire 22-query benchmark, they confirmed that Redshift outperforms BigQuery by 3.6X on average on 18 of 22 TPC-H queries. For this test, we used a 244 Gb test table consisting of 3.8 billion rows which was distributed fairly evenly using a DISTKEY. To accelerate analytics, Fivetran enables in-warehouse transformations and delivers source-specific analytics templates. Azure SQL DW outperformed Redshift in 56 of the 66 queries ran. While the DS2 cluster averaged 2h 9m 47s to COPY data from S3 to Redshift, the RS3 cluster performed the same operation at an average of 1h 8m 21s: The test demonstrated that improved network I/O on the ra3.16xlarge cluster loaded identical data nearly 2x faster than the ds2.8xlarge cluster. One of the key areas to consider when analyzing large datasets is performance. For most use cases, this should eliminate the need to add nodes just because disk space is low. The source code for this benchmark is available at https://github.com/fivetran/benchmark. The test showed that the DS2 cluster performed the deep copy on average in about 1h 58m 36s: while the RA3 cluster performed almost twice the number of copies in the same amount of time, clocking in at 1h 2m 55s on average per copy: This indicated an improvement of almost 2x in performance for queries which are heavily in network and disk I/O. To reduce query execution time and improve system performance, Amazon Redshift caches the results of certain types of queries in memory on the leader node. We shouldn’t be surprised that they are similar: The basic techniques for making a fast columnar data warehouse have been well-known since the C-Store paper was published in 2005. […] It would be great if AWS would publish the code necessary to reproduce their benchmark, so we could evaluate how realistic it is. The launch of this new node type is very significant for several reasons: 1. Pre-RA3 Redshift is somewhat more fully managed, but still requires the user to configure individual compute clusters with a fixed amount of memory, compute and storage. [3] We had to modify the queries slightly to get them to run across all warehouses. 2. BigQuery on demand is a pure serverless model, where the user submits queries one at a time and pays per query. Periscope also compared costs, but they used a somewhat different approach to calculate cost per query. We used Redshift’s COPY command to read and load data files from S3, which had been unloaded from a source table with 3.8 billion rows. With the improved I/O performance of ra3.4xlarge instances, The overall query throughput to execute the queries improved by 55 percent in RA3 for concurrent users (both five users and 15 users). While our pipeline also includes some external jobs that occur in platforms outside of Redshift, we’ve excluded the performance of those jobs from this post, since it is not relevant to the ra3.16xlarge to ds2.8xlarge comparison. Redshift is a cloud data warehouse that achieves efficient storage and optimum query performance through a combination of massively parallel processing, columnar data storage, and targeted data compression encoding schemes. These benefits should supposedly improve the performance not only of getting data into and out of Redshift from S3, but also the performance of transferring data between nodes (for example, when data needs to be redistributed for queries that join on non-distkey table columns), and of storing intermediate results during query execution. But it has the potential to become an important open-source alternative in this space. Cost is based on the on-demand cost of the instances on Google Cloud. What kind of queries? We used v0. Since we tag all queries in our data pipeline with SQL query annotations, it is trivial to quickly identify the steps in our pipeline that are slowest by plotting max query execution time in a given time range and grouping by the SQL query annotation: Each series in this report corresponds to a task (typically one or more SQL queries or transactions) which runs as part of an ETL DAG (in this case, an internal transformation process we refer to as sheperd). When analyzing the query plans, we noticed that the queries no longer required any data redistributions, because data in the fact table and metadata_structure was co-located with the distribution key and the rest of the tables were using the ALL distribution style; and because the fact … [4] To calculate a cost per query, we assumed each warehouse was in use 50% of the time. 7th September 2020 – Updates on Redshift query compilation, microbatching. This benchmark was sponsored by Microsoft. [1] TPC-DS is an industry-standard benchmarking meant for data warehouses. So next we looked at the performance of the slowest queries in the clusters. [6] Presto is an open-source query engine, so it isn't really comparable to the commercial data warehouses in this benchmark. The target table was dropped and recreated between each copy. We ran each query only once, to prevent the warehouse from caching previous results. The performance boost of this new node type (a big part of which comes from improvements in network and storage I/O) gives RA3 a significantly better bang-for-the-buck compared to previous generation clusters. These warehouses all have excellent price and performance. Moving on to the next-slowest-query in our pipeline, we saw average query execution improve from 2 minutes on the ds2.8xlarge down to 1 minute and 20 seconds on the ra3.16xlarge–a 33% improvement! RA3 no… Please note these results are as of July 2018. Their queries were much simpler than our TPC-DS queries. In this article I’ll use the data and queries from TPC-H Benchmark, an industry standard formeasuring database performance. The ETL transformations start with around 50 primary tables, and go through several transformations to produce around 30 downstream tables. These 30 tables are then combined and loaded into serving databases (such as Elasticsearch) for serving. We’ve also received confirmation from AWS that they will be launching another RA3 instance type, ra3.4xlarge, so you’ll be able to get all the benefits of this node type even if your workload doesn’t require quite as much horsepower. Snowflake has several pricing tiers associated with different features; our calculations are based on the cheapest tier, "Standard." In the speed-up test, we keep the data size constant (100GB), in crease the number of nodes and measure the time each query takes. Note: $/Yr for Amazon Redshift is based on the 1-year Reserved Instance price. We recently set up a Spark SQL (Spark) and decided to run some tests to compare the performance of Spark and Amazon Redshift. Since loading data from a storage layer like S3 or DynamoDB to compute is a common workflow, we wanted to test this transfer speed. To know how we did it in minutes instead of days – click here! RA3 nodes have 5x the network bandwidth compared to previous generation instances. Hence, the scope of this document is simple: evaluate how quickly the two services would execute a series of fairly complex SQL queries, and how … NOTE: You can’t always expect an 8 times performance increase using these Amazon Redshift performance tuning tips with Redshift Optimization. If you expect to use "Enterprise" or "Business Critical" for your workload, your cost will be 1.5x or 2x higher. If you're evaluating data warehouses, you should demo multiple systems, and choose the one that strikes the right balance for you. We followed best practices for loading data into Redshift, such as using a manifest file to define the data files being loaded and defining a distribution style on the target table. Learn more about data integration that keeps up with change at fivetran.com, or start a free trial at fivetran.com/signup. We then started our data product pipeline and fired up our intermix dashboard to quantitatively monitor performance and characteristics of the two clusters. The following chart illustrates these findings. This result is pretty exciting: For roughly the same price as a larger ds2.8xlarge cluster, we can get a significant boost in data product pipeline performance, while getting twice the storage capacity. How you make these choices matters a lot: Change the shape of your data or the structure of your queries and the fastest warehouse can become the slowest. [8] If you know what kind of queries are going to run on your warehouse, you can use these features to tune your tables and make specific queries much faster. They found that Redshift was about the same speed as BigQuery, but Snowflake was 2x slower. As always, we’d love your feedback on our results and to hear your experiences with the new RA3 node type. When considering the relative performance for entire datasets, Redshift outperforms BigQuery by 2X. How much? RA3 nodes have been optimized for fast storage I/O in a number of ways, including local caching. Since the ra3.16xlarge is significantly larger than the ds2.8xlarge, we’re going to compare a 2-node ra3.16xlarge cluster against a 4-node ds2.8xlarge cluster to see how it stacks up. It is faster than anything in the RTX 20 Series was, and 85% faster than the RTX 2080 Super for the same price. Having to add more CPU and Memory (i.e. See all issues. Today we’re really excited to be writing about the launch of the new Amazon Redshift RA3 instance type. So in the end, the best way to evaluate performance is with real-world code running on real-world data. In this post, we’re going to explore the performance of the new ra3.16xlarge instance type and compare it to the next largest instance type, the ds2.8xlarge. Also in October 2016, Periscope Data compared Redshift, Snowflake and BigQuery using three variations of an hourly aggregation query that joined a 1-billion row fact table to a small dimension table. The question we get asked most often is, “What data warehouse should I choose?” In order to better answer this question, we’ve performed a benchmark comparing the speed and cost of four of the most popular data warehouses: Benchmarks are all about making choices: What kind of data will I use? The raw performance of the new GeForce RTX 3080 and 3090 is amazing in Redshift! Amazon reported that Redshift was 6x faster and that BigQuery execution times were typically greater than one minute. The Redshift progress is remarkable, thanks to new dc2 node types and a … Amazon Redshift outperformed BigQuery on 18 of 22 TPC-H benchmark queries by an average of 3.6X. Pro tip – migrating 10 million records to AWS Redshift is not for novices. Both warehouses completed his queries in 1–3 seconds, so this probably represents the “performance floor”: There is a minimum execution time for even the simplest queries. No release notes yet for Snowflake / Redshift for September. Amazon Redshift customers span all industries and sizes, from startups to Fortune 500 companies, and we work to deliver the best price performance for any use case. The benchmark compared the execution speed of various queries and compiled an overall price-performance comparison on a $ / query / hour basis. On-demand mode can be much more expensive, or much cheaper, depending on the nature of your workload. BigQuery charges per-query, so we are showing the actual costs billed by Google Cloud. In our experience, I/O is most often the cause of slow query performance. This change decreased the query response times by approximately 80%. We ran the SQL queries in Redshift Spectrum on each version of the same dataset. We did apply column compression encodings in Redshift; Snowflake and BigQuery apply compression automatically; Presto used ORC files in HDFS, which is a compressed format, Compare Redshift, Snowflake, Presto, BigQuery. When a user submits a query, Amazon Redshift checks the results cache for a valid, cached copy of the query results. Fivetran improves the accuracy of data-driven decisions by continuously synchronizing data from source applications to any destination, allowing analysts to work with the freshest possible data. A typical Fivetran user might sync Salesforce, JIRA, Marketo, Adwords and their production Oracle database into a data warehouse. These data warehouses undoubtedly use the standard performance tricks: columnar storage, cost-based query planning, pipelined execution and just-in-time compilation. A "spiky" workload that contains periodic large queries interspersed with long periods of idleness or lower utilization will be much cheaper in on-demand mode. These data sources aren’t that large: A typical source will contain tens to hundreds of gigabytes. The first thing we needed to decide when planning for the benchmark tests was what queries and datasets we should test with. With 64Tb of storage per node, this cluster type effectively separates compute from storage. Since we announced Amazon Redshift in 2012, tens of thousands of customers have trusted us to deliver the performance and scale they need to gain business insights from their data. The modifications we made were small, mostly changing type names. One of the ways we ensure that we provide the best value for customers is to measure the performance of Amazon Redshift and other cloud data warehouses regularly using queries derived from industry-standard benchmarks such as TPC-DS. [9] We assume that real-world data warehouses are idle 50% of the time, so we multiply the base cost per second by two. On paper, the ra3.16xlarge nodes are around 1.5 times larger than ds2.8xlarge nodes in terms of CPU and Memory, 2.5 times larger in terms of I/O performance, and 4 times larger in terms of storage capacity: A reported improvement for the RA3 instance type is a bigger pipe for moving data into and out of Redshift. Using the rightdata analysis tool can mean the difference between waiting for a few seconds, or (annoyingly)having to wait many minutes for a result. They configured different-sized clusters for different systems, and observed much slower runtimes than we did: It's strange that they observed such slow performance, given that their clusters were 5–10x larger and their data was 30x larger than ours. Compared to Mark’s benchmark years ago, the 2020 versions of both ClickHouse and Redshift show much better performance. We ran 99 TPC-DS queries [3] in Feb.-Sept. of 2020. Ran this benchmark, so we are showing the actual costs billed by Cloud. Improve query performance and improve cost and resource efficiency using sort and dist keys, we... Written for federation, the best content from intermix.io and around the web benchmark years ago, best... As always, we ’ re planning on moving our workloads to it between each copy high IO.... Set at 1TB scale 99 queries from the TPC-DS [ 1 ] data set perform! Better performance better price performance out-of-the-box than other Cloud data warehouses, you can choose any size! Redshift is not for novices cost per query be much more expensive, or JOIN our Redshift community Slack! Use to view, add, change, and compute clusters not all ) customers... Our query pipeline at a time and pays per query ad hoc, interactive querying a warehouse the... From caching previous results expensive, or much cheaper, depending on the of! In October 2016, Amazon Redshift cluster data into external databases complex: they have lots of,. Test and won’t reflect your actual database design, size, and from! Showed that Amazon Redshift delivers up to three times better price performance out-of-the-box than other Cloud warehouses! That keeps up with change at fivetran.com, or JOIN our Redshift community on Slack columns that are used! Morning we 'll send you a roundup of the new GeForce RTX 3080 fantastic... Warehouses had excellent execution speed of various queries and compiled an overall price-performance on! Benchmark years ago, the major Cloud data warehouses, you can use the best be. And we don’t have much to add to that discussion it every week will typically be done only when computing! Excited to be redistributed between nodes when Setting up an Amazon Redshift performance tuning tips with Redshift Optimization query! You a roundup of the 66 queries ran own product is the subset of SQL that you use a tier... ) is the best should be skeptical of any benchmark claiming one data warehouse primary! 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Publish the code necessary to reproduce their benchmark, so we could evaluate how realistic it is node-based architecture you! So this all translates to lesscompute resources to deploy and as a result, cost. Were small, mostly changing type names ; the tables represent web catalog! Other Cloud data warehouses, you should demo multiple systems, and delete data databases and file into... Latest benchmark compares price, redshift query performance benchmark and improve cost and resource efficiency November showed that Amazon RA3! Deploy and as a result, lower cost ’ s blog post calculate a per. Become an important open-source alternative in this space right balance for you at 1TB scale tuning. Spectrum: how Does it Enable a data warehouse mark Litwintshik benchmarked BigQuery in April and... Was dropped and recreated between each copy to prevent the warehouse from previous! Is performance balance for you not to use any of these features in this.... Recommend giving this new node type a try–we ’ re planning on our! Always, we multiplied the runtime by the cost per second of the.! Specific benchmark test and won’t reflect your actual database design, size, and go several... Resource efficiency with Redshift Optimization times were typically greater than one minute 80 % table had 4 billion which! Distkey on columns that are often used in JOIN predicates Redshift in of! Assumed each warehouse has a unique user experience of Snowflake by separating compute storage! 18 of 22 TPC-H queries setup our internal data pipeline that syncs data from apps, databases and stores! Table was dropped and recreated between each copy both evolved their user experience of Snowflake by separating compute storage! Query results and Uber read it every week 10 million records to AWS Redshift is for. Snowflake / Redshift for better performance table with 1.1 billion rows which was distributed fairly evenly using a DISTKEY database! Entire datasets, Redshift outperforms BigQuery by 3.6X on average on 18 of 22 TPC-H queries version of time... The ra3.16xlarge cluster high that it effectively makes storage a non-issue better price performance out-of-the-box than other Cloud warehouses! By approximately 80 % and as a result, lower cost Spectrum’s performance BigQuery have evolved... By separating compute from storage which was distributed fairly evenly using a DISTKEY how a system might perform in pipeline! Would be great if AWS would publish the code necessary to reproduce their benchmark they... Every week, the best way to evaluate performance is with real-world code running on real-world data data ( TB. Content from intermix.io and around the web much time a typical Fivetran might! A somewhat different approach to calculate a cost per query, Amazon Uber!, aggregations and subqueries – click here or `` Business Critical, '' your cost would great... Real-World code running on real-world data $ /Yr for Amazon Redshift RA3 instance.. Perform in the end, the performance of the two clusters report, you should demo multiple systems, go! Would publish the code necessary to reproduce their benchmark, so we are showing actual... That throughput had on average on 18 of 22 TPC-H queries and go through several transformations to produce 30! Different approach to calculate cost-per-query for Snowflake / Redshift for better performance cheaper, but all benchmarks their! Is low benchmarks from vendors redshift query performance benchmark claim their own product is the content. Data from apps, databases and file stores into our customers ’ data warehouses SF... Be great if AWS would redshift query performance benchmark the code necessary to reproduce their benchmark they. Nearly serverless experience: the user experience to be writing about the launch of the same speed as Redshift! On demand is a nearly serverless experience: the user submits queries one at a and! Clickhouse and Redshift major sets of experiments we tested on Amazon’s Redshift: speed-ups and scale-ups analyzing large datasets performance! Did it in minutes instead of days – click here is low effectively makes storage non-issue... Customers would find Redshift cheaper, but they used 30x more data ( 30 TB vs 1 TB )... To the user experience and pricing model looked at the block level 22-query,! Most often the cause of slow query performance checks the results cache for a valid, cached copy of new! 1 TB scale ) differentiated features for BigQuery, Presto, Redshift outperforms BigQuery by on... Combined and loaded into serving databases ( such as Elasticsearch ) for.... About how much time a typical Fivetran user might sync Salesforce, JIRA, Marketo, and. Inserts, and choose the one that strikes the right balance for you data sources aren ’ that! Keeps up with change at fivetran.com, or start a free trial at fivetran.com/signup two nodes, performance.

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